Periodontal disease (also referred to as gum disease) is a leading cause of tooth loss among adults. Simply put, periodontal disease is a bacterial infection that can result in tooth loss if it’s not treated. There are many types of periodontal diseases and they can affect individuals of all ages from children to seniors.

How does periodontal disease develop?

According to the American Dental Association (ADA), healthy gum tissue fits snugly around each tooth. It can be harmed by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria thatforms on teeth. Bacteria in plaque create toxins that can irritate and, sometimes, break down gum tissues.

The early stage of periodontal disease is called gingivitis. Gums may be red, swollen and may bleed easilyduring toothbrushing. The good news is that this early stage of periodontal disease is reversible. However, if gingivitis is not treated, it may lead to a more serious condition called chronic periodontitis.

In this stage, the bacterial infection causes the breakdown of gum tissue so that it pulls away from the teeth.Instead of a snug fit, the loose tissue now forms pockets that collect more bacterial plaque. The infection —which is sometimes painless — can destroy gum tissue and the bone that supports teeth. Unless periodontitisis treated, teeth may become loose, fall out, or they may need to be removed. Chronic periodontitis occursmost often in adults but can also be seen in younger people.

Can periodontal disease be prevented?

When plaque is not removed daily, it absorbs minerals present in saliva. The minerals form a rough, hardenedmaterial called calculus, or tartar. Once tartar sticks to the teeth, only a professional cleaning in the dentaloffice can remove it. Tartar that is not removed becomes a “plaque trap,” harboring bacteria and making itdifficult to keep teeth clean.

Brushing your teeth twice daily and cleaning between your teeth daily with floss or another interdental cleaner can help keep teeth clean. Look for products that display the ADA Seal of Acceptance, your assurance that they have met ADA criteria for safety and effectiveness.

If you notice any of these signs, contact Dr. Barrow:

• gums that bleed during toothbrushing and flossing
• red, swollen or tender gums
• gums that have pulled away from your teeth
• persistent bad breath
• pus between your teeth and gums
• loose or separating teeth
• a change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
• a change in the fit of partial dentures

Pain can occur in advanced stages or in rapidly progressing forms of periodontal disease. But don’t wait until it hurts. Regular dental visits and good oral hygiene at home canhelp keep your mouth healthy.

If you have any questions about periodontal disease and maintenance, click here to contact Dr. Barrow.